History of the BMW brand: how it all started

German cars are in high demand due to reliability and functionality. One of the most popular is the BMW brand, whose models have long become a symbol of luxury and sporty style. Now the Bavarian company represents a giant concern with many automobile plants not only in Germany, but also in other countries of the world: from the USA to Egypt. BMW is also produced in Russia — the Kaliningrad company Avtotor is engaged in their assembly. This article is devoted to the history of the creation and development of BMW, which has more than 100 years and, of course, will be interesting to real fans of the brand.

How the company was created

BMW’s history began in Munich, Bavaria, where in 1913 German industrialists Rapp and Otto opened two small businesses. The new firms were engaged in the production of aircraft engines, and their leaders soon decided to unite in order to withstand tough market competition together. The joint company was named Bayerische Flugzeugwerke — “Bavarian Aviation Plants”.

BMW motorcycles

After the restructuring of production, BMW was engaged for some time in the production of brakes for railway transport. In 1923, the company switched to motorcycles, so successfully that in a matter of months it gained worldwide fame. The reliability and high-speed qualities of the Bavarian motorcycle technology have earned her fame among racers.

In 1928, after the purchase of factories in Thuringia, the management made automobile production the main field of activity, but the production of motorcycles has not stopped to this day. Sports models are very popular and are often found on the roads of different countries.

Through thorns — to the stars

In 1955, the company launched the production of Isetta subcompact models — a three-wheeled hybrid of a car and a motorcycle. The low price of the Isetta for a country ravaged by war has become a key factor in its popularity. However, the German economy was growing rapidly, and public interest switched to large cars. BMW once again found itself in a serious crisis: the main competitor Mercedes-Benz began to prepare for the buyout of the company.

The Bavarians were not going to give up. In 1956, the designer of the Hertz company developed the BMW 507 sports car, which was offered in two versions:

with a standard rigid roof;
roadster.
Equipped with an 8-cylinder engine with a capacity of up to 150 hp, the model developed a speed of up to 220 km/h. The development was a tremendous success, which allowed the company to overcome the crisis and successfully continue its activities. Since that moment, the history of the brand has been developing by leaps and bounds, accompanied by enchanting successes. And the BMW 507 is now among the most expensive collectible cars.

XXI century

The company has not slowed down in the new millennium. The beginning of the century was marked by an unprecedented increase in sales: only in Russia this figure was 83%. A new generation of the 7 series was released, to which many experts gave the first place in the rating of luxury cars.

Currently, the Bavarian concern continues to work on improving its models and creating technological innovations that other brands do not have. “Car for the driver”: the principle announced decades ago remains the main guideline for BMW engineers and designers. Buyers appreciate this approach — every new model becomes a hit of sales. And the regular appearance of the brand’s cars in films and popular computer games allows you to attract new and new fans

Passive Voice

1. Object, Subject
2. Past participle + auxilery verb

Present simple– am, is, are + V3

Modal verbs (Եղանակային բայեր)

Մոդալ բայերը այն բայերն են որոնք օգնում են նախադասություններին տալ ավելի հստակություն կամ ավելի լավ արտահայտել մեր միտքը։ Մոդալ բայերը բաժանվում են երեք խմբի- 1.ability modal verbs, 2.obligatery modal verbs, 3.posaibility modal verbs:

Ability modal verbs 1)can- We can breath 30s. under water. 2)could- I could run 6 km in 1 hour. 3)to be able to- They are able to understant this story

Obligatory modal verbs 1)must- you most learn english better 2)have to- we have to help ar parents 3)ought to-i ought to learn english for JOEFL

Posaibilit modal verbs 1)may- may you keep silence, please 2)might- he might help his friends, but he didnt 3)could- could you came early tomorrous, please

Past Perfect(անցյալ վաղակատար)

Past perfect ժամանակաձևը ցույց է տալիս գործողություն ,որը տեղի է ունեցել անցյալում կատարված, որևէ գործողությունից առաջ։ Անցյալ վաղակատարով նախադասությունները կազմված է լինում երկու մասից, գլխավորը past perfect ժամանակաձևով իսկ երկրորդականը past simple ժամանակաձևով։

had+Past Participle (3-րդ հիմք)

Past perfect ժամանակաձը կազմվում է had օժանդակ բայով և բայի երրորդ հիմքով

Had visited 10 contries before i was 10

Had i visited 10 countries

I had not visited 10 conuntries

History of manicure

Special attention has always been paid to the beauty of the hands. S.A. In 5000, Indian women decorated their fingertips with henna. For the first time, nail coloring began in ancient China, around 3200 m. t.a. The mixture consisted of beeswax, egg white, gum arabic and gelatin. and the vegetable dyes of orchids and roses were responsible for the colors-crushed petals created shades of red and pink. At that time, nails were also painted in ancient Egypt, mainly to indicate social status. Rich people used darker tones. Queen Cleopatra, for example, painted her nails with henna in terracotta:

S.A. In the year 600, long nails began to be considered a symbol of wealth and luxury. In Zhou’s time, both women and men in China grew them to show their belonging to the upper class. they protected their nails with thimbles made of gold or silver and precious stones. This not only testified to the absence of dirty work, but also spoke about human health. Over time, each Chinese dynasty has developed its own unique color., and during the Ming Dynasty, they chose red and black.

At the end of the 19th century, well-groomed nails became an important feature of a respected person. It was then that manicure became a real profession – in the 1870s, the first salons opened in Paris and New York. The masters used oils and polishing files to make the nails clean and shiny: The tips of the nails were opened with lemon juice or vinegar. The first transparent nail polish was developed in 1916 by the American company Cutex. And already in 1917, the brand introduced a color variant – an improved formula for the top layer of automotive paint allowed to create a glossy red coating. In the first three years of the Great Depression, from 1929 to 1932, cosmetic brands were in crisis. But not Kutex – Seeing this, entrepreneur Charles Revson decided to open his own cosmetics business and founded the Revlon brand, which initially specialized only in manicure products. In 1932, the company introduced a modern Formula of nail polish. For the first time, the composition was obtained from powder-colored pigments, and not from a dye, which is much more difficult to work with. This made it possible to create unique combinations and display any shades. Cream was the first color available: Over the next ten years, the company released about 40 more shades-from pearl to Black:

In 1955, dentist Frederick Slack accidentally invented acrylic extensions to try to fix a broken nail. Then he patented the world’s first forms of nail extensions. In 1970, Frederick introduced the product to a wider market.

Shellac appeared in 1978 thanks to an experimental chemist, dentist Nordstrom. And also, by a lucky chance, one day a patient who worked as a manicure came to her on a date. He noticed that the smell of the filling is very similar to the smell he uses in the salon. Nordstrom began studying the composition under a microscope and developed a similar formula for nails. Then came the SolarNail monomer, which strengthened the nails and made them more flexible. In 1979, Nordstrom’s children Jen and Jim founded Classique Nails, which was later renamed CND (Creative Nail Design).:

A few years later, Nordstrom died of a heart attack. The family company continued to take care of his business and improved the formula. The creators promised a durable coating for two weeks without chips and irregularities. gel polish revolutionized the nail industry and forever changed the attitude to manicure:

It’s hard to believe, but the first nail art was invented by the Incas in the 15th century-they decorated their nails with images of an Eagle. In the 1920s, the design of the lunar manicure appeared-the nail base stood out in classic red. This version was popular for the next few decades:

In 1934, dentist Maxwell Lapp created the first collection of false nails. He invented them for clients who were biting their nails. In 1940, long red nails became fashionable thanks to Hollywood and actress Rita Hayworth. :

Report

Our English lessons are very interesting.The teacher speaks English during the lesson and translates into Armenian if necessary.We have considered the forms of verb conjugation, the knowledge of which is very important. That’s it

Will – be going to

Have you got any plans for tomorrow?
– Yes, I am going to visit my grandparents.

Why is she learning Spanish?
– She is going to travel to Spain.

 We are thirsty.
– Wait here. I will to get some water.

Meat or fish?
– I’ll have some fish, please

What do you want the keys for?
– I ‘ll close the door.

If you don’t take a taxi,
you won’t arrive on time.

Why do you want so many oranges?
– I am going to make an orange juice.

Oh! I haven’t got enough money to pay!
– Don’t worry. I ‘ll lend you some.

We need one more player.
– Will you play with us tomorrow?

 Why are you switching on the TV?
– I ‘ll watch a football match.

Future Simple Positive

Make the future simple

1) A: There’s someone at the door.B: I will get it.

2) Joan thinks the Conservatives will win the next election.

3) A: I’m moving house tomorrow.B: I will come and help you

4) If she passes the exam, she will be very happy.

5) I will be there by four o’clock I promise.

6) A: I’m cold.B: I will turn on the fire.

7) A: She’s late.B: Don;t worry. She will come.

8) The meeting will take place at 6pm.

9) If you eat all of that cake, you will feel sick.

10) They will be home at 10 o’clock.

English exam test 1

Ex. 1) Put the verbs in correct tense form
Dear Mum,
I feel really unhappy! I wish I 1 never this job. If only I 2 listen to you
before I made the decision to come here. l wish the people here 3 not being so
unfriendly. I don’t like it at all! If only I 4 have longer breaks.
Looking at a computer screen all day is tiring; I wish my computer 5 explode. And
I wish my boss 6 stop yelling at me all the time. He’s always in a bad mood. It’s
so annoying! Also, I wish there 7 ( to be ) someone here I could talk to but there is
no-one I can talk to. I haven’t made any friends. If only I 8 gonna some friends
when I arrived here, but meeting new people is very difficult. I wish you 9 live
nearer to me. If only I 10 cam you more often!
Please write soon. I miss you!
Love,
Mary

Առաջադրանքներ

1․Նման, հետ, մոտ կապերը ես, դու, մենք, դուք դերանունների համապատասխան ձևերի հետ 1-ական նախադասությունների մեջ գործածիր։

Ձեզ նման մարդ չեմ ճանաչում։

Ինձ հետ այդպես չխոսես։

Մենք մոտ ընկերներ ենք

2․Կազմիր նախադասություններ հետևյալ զույգերով․

քաղաքական — քաղաքային

քաղաքային զբոսանքի էինք դուրս եկել

քաղաքական խնդիրները ինձ չեն հետաքրքրում։

ցեղական-ցեղային

կան շատ ցեղական հիվանդություններ

երկուսի միջև կնքվեց ցեղային պայմանագիր

տնական — տնային

Մենք օգտվում ենք միայն տնական ուտեստներից։

Գևորգի մայրը տնային տնտեսուհի է։

3․Կազմիր անձնանուններ հասարակ գոյականներից։

Արև, Վրեժ Շուշան Ծաղիկ Լուսինե Ժասմին

4․Գրիր դարձվածքներ, որոնց մեջ կենդանու անուն կա և բացատրիր իմաստները։

Մինչև առուն ջուր գա, գորտի աչքը դուրս կգա — այսինքն ՝ առանց ջրի կյանք չկա։

Առյուծ կտրել — կտրիճանալ,

Էշի ականջում քնած — դինջ

Թռչունի թևով — շատ արագ։